Insulation is a crucial building material that creates a barrier to prevent heat from escaping during the winter and hot air from entering in the summer. It plays a critical role in energy efficiency, keeping indoor temperatures comfortable and lowering utility costs.
Fiberglass insulation is available in batts and rolls for installation between studs, joists, or beams during new construction or remodeling. It is resistant to moisture and pests.
Attic Insulation
Attic insulation is a key part of a home’s climate control system. It helps trap the heat in the winter and keep it out of the summer, saving on energy bills. An under-insulated attic can increase heating and cooling costs by as much as 30%, so it’s important to get it right.
Insulation is available in a range of materials and types, with different R-values for each. The type of attic insulation you choose will depend on your location, budget, and whether you want to DIY the project or hire a professional.
Fiberglass batt insulation is the most common attic insulation. It’s made of tiny glass fibers that trap air to create an insulating barrier. It is easy to install and suitable for many climates. It can be bought in rolls or sheets, and it is usually installed between joists. However, fiberglass can be dangerous if it becomes wet, so it requires careful installation to avoid moisture problems.
Loose-fill insulation is made of recycled material, such as cellulose from old newspapers, fiberglass, or mineral (rock or slag) wool. It is typically blown in by professionals with experience in achieving the correct density and R-values. Polystyrene beads, vermiculite, and perlite are also loose-fill insulation options. They are not as effective as cellulose or fiberglass, but they may be useful in some applications.
Wall Insulation
Wall insulation helps reduce heat transfer within a building and increases energy efficiency. It prevents warm air from escaping in the winter and hot air from entering in the summer. It also helps maintain more consistent indoor temperatures and provides sound control. Additionally, exterior wall insulation helps protect the structural integrity of a building and saves on maintenance costs by helping to reduce moisture build-up.
While there are many different types of insulation, the most common for new construction is fiberglass batts which come in pre-cut panels that fit between wall studs. They are available in varying R-values depending on the climate and your budget. Another cost-effective option is cellulose which can be installed in existing walls or attics without major demolition. Cellulose is a renewable resource that can also be recycled at the end of its useful life.
Other forms of insulating material for walls include mineral wool, polystyrene beads, and rigid foam board. Sheep’s wool is a natural and sustainable alternative that can help to reduce noise in addition to offering an excellent R-value. It is also breathable, meaning it will help to regulate moisture levels in a wall cavity which can prevent mould and rot.
For a more streamlined installation, high-density spray foam can be applied to the frame of a new wall before drywall is hung. It will act as both an air and vapor barrier, eliminating the need for a separate polyethylene vapor barrier and significantly increasing the speed of the construction process.
Floor Insulation
Floor insulation helps minimize thermal loss, thereby maintaining comfortable indoor temperatures and reducing energy consumption. It also reduces noise penetration, providing a quieter living environment. Furthermore, insulating floors enhance air quality by minimizing unfiltered outdoor air that may contain allergens.
Homeowners can choose between various floor insulation services, including blown and poured solutions. Rigid foam insulation is a popular choice that offers exceptional energy efficiency and aligns with the standards promoted by the Energy Saving Trust. It is a durable solution that will last for many years to come.
If your house has a crawl space underneath the flooring, it is possible to install insulation directly beneath the floorboards without having to lift them. This is particularly practical for homes with a timber floor as it can be insulated by simply laying mineral wool insulation supported by netting between the joists.
Another common option is a loose-fill insulation material that can be poured or blown into the space between the joists, such as cellulose, EPS, or polyurethane. Loose-fill insulation is also a good option for underfloor heating. If you have concrete floors, it is possible to insulate them with a screed that mixes cement with a layer of insulation material such as rock wool or polystyrene granules. This type of insulation is suitable for both concrete and timber floors, although it will raise the height of the floor and reposition skirting boards and plug sockets, which may require refitting.
Basement Insulation
Adding insulation to basements, crawl spaces and other below-ground areas can transform the space into a viable option for living and recreational use. It can also help improve home energy efficiency and comfort.
Insulating basement walls prevents cold air from entering the house, helping to keep the area warmer and more comfortable throughout the year. It also helps regulate humidity levels and prevents condensation on cold surfaces, which can lead to mold and mildew growth as well as structural damage.
Several different types of insulation can be used in a basement, depending on the specific conditions in a particular home or crawl space. In general, it is best to choose rigid foam insulation such as polyisocyanurate, expanded or extruded polystyrene (EPS or XPS) or closed cell spray foam. However, these insulation products should only be installed by a professional to ensure proper installation and to ensure the insulation meets local building codes and other requirements such as fire resistance.
If the basement or crawl space is unfinished, a moisture barrier such as plastic sheeting should be applied before installing insulation. It is important to solve moisture problems before insulating a basement, as dampness can undermine the effectiveness of fiberglass blanket or foam board insulation. The moisture barrier is often layered under the drywall to prevent water infiltration and to protect the drywall.